1. What should determine the final model choice?
Standard answer: Held-out decision-relevant evidence, stability, resource cost, failure behavior, and fit to the data structure—not novelty alone.
2. Why retain a simple baseline in the final project?
Standard answer: It shows whether the advanced method contributes enough to justify its complexity.
3. What must be disclosed about pretraining or external models?
Standard answer: Source model and objective, data provenance where known, frozen or updated components, target adaptation, and mismatch or contamination risks.
4. What is a meaningful failure slice?
Standard answer: A subset tied to the intended use or known risk, large enough to interpret cautiously, and defined before viewing final test results when possible.
5. What makes a result reproducible?
Standard answer: Recorded data version, split, preprocessing, seed, code, model configuration, training settings, metric definition, and environment.
6. How should a group report unstable runs?
Standard answer: Show variation across seeds or runs, avoid selecting only the best result, and reduce the strength of the claim.
7. What is the difference between prediction and causation?
Standard answer: Prediction estimates an outcome from patterns; it does not establish that changing an input will cause the outcome to change.
8. What should an oral defense reveal?
Standard answer: Whether each member understands the choices, computations, evidence, failures, and boundaries of the complete project.
9. When should the project abstain from a claim?
Standard answer: When data coverage, evaluation validity, uncertainty, or failure evidence is insufficient for the intended decision.
10. What durable workflow should remain after the course?
Standard answer: Define the problem and data boundary, establish a baseline, build the smallest justified model, evaluate held-out behavior, inspect failures, document provenance, and state a bounded conclusion.